That's too bad. I would venture to say that there is something like a hardware device that isn't playing well with OBS or Windows. Best to update drivers and the O/S.
Go update Windows first. You are using an older build. That may in turn trigger the update of lower level support drivers, DLLs and services.
20:28:52.261: Windows Version: 10.0 Build 17134 (revision: 829; 64-bit)
Currently, at this time of writing, the public released version is:
20:42:23.754: Windows Version: 10.0 Build 18362 (revision: 239; 64-bit)
Go update your Radeon RX 580 driver. Go to the GPU card vendor website first. Then, AMD.
20:28:52.704: Adapter 0: Radeon RX 580 Series
Go to Corsair and see if there are new drivers for the gaming headset. They will be updated through iCUE. Update iCUE too.
20:28:56.844: WASAPI: Device 'Headset Earphone (Corsair VOID PRO USB Gaming Headset )' initialized
Go update your Realtek audio drivers. Get them from your motherboard manufacturer
20:28:56.994: WASAPI: Device 'Microphone (Realtek High Definition Audio)' initialized