well.. sure... depends...
Real-time video encoding is hard work for a PC (research why no end-user AV1 encoding options)
I assume you mean livestream.... sure, BUT it depends on what you plan to do. You OBS settings could be such that demands on CPU/GPU/RAM and disk I/O are low. Or you could be trying to do chroma filtering/LUT, audio effects, etc and other advanced/fancy/CPU intensive settings and a desktop PC 12-core, 64GB RAM, NVMe SSDs, RTX 3080 GPU can be brought to its knees.. it really does depend... there is a HUGE range of hardware demands, depending on exactly what you are doing.
so for a general question of can you?
sure, but that assumes simple webcam, reasonable video quality expectations with no CPU/GPU intensive gaming
Good luck