I remember this bug from the original OBS, it seems it got carried over to OBS Multiplatform as well?
Under Advanced, the Partial/Full options have been switched around. Partial is actually full range, while Full gives crushed blacks and blown whites. I've tested both outcomes on Twitch and made a gif proving this.
The color range setting under Video Capture Device was set correctly, and reflects so in my preview window. It is only the one under Advanced tab that is bugged, and this is the setting that affects the output that gets sent to Twitch.