So, after reading those articles:
1. 601 v 709: 709 seems to be designed for HD signals, significantly higher samples per line / more lines. Does this mean that for an 854x480 output, I'd be better off with 601?
2. "This indicates that U and V samples are only taken on every fourth line of the original image. Since the horizontal sampling period is also 4, a single U and a single V sample are taken for each square block of 16 image pixels." -- so a single block of 16 pixels has only one point of color information, and 16 points of lightness information? ... explains why I see blocking effects in lower-bandwidth data? (or something else?)
3. I still don't understand partial color range vs full color range.