Looks like something might be blocking the download (some kind of antivirus or other security software), or your connection is not stable and it's failing to download.
Try just downloading the latest version installer from the download page, and just install it over the existing install. Your settings should be ok.
Sorry if "necroing" an old thread is against rules or anything but OBS' Twitter-Message about the current Update 27.2 got me very worried...
...you're talking about the "Check for updates" option but...
It's not even there...
And in this help-article from 2022 it states:
.... sooooooo..... what do i do?
If i can't update then i guess my stream's dead?!
Only Option i have is through Stream Elements:
But this only updates the SE.Live part of it, which i guess MUST be a seperate thing because my Version Number is 27.1.3 and i clicked on that Check-Button at least 20 times by now. It says that there are no updates available.