Your CPU is not quite powerful enough to handle either x264 encoding or quicksync encoding for that large of a resolution apparently.
Your GPU might be able to using nvenc, but you would have to be running OBS on the GPU display adapter, which means you would not be able to perform display capture.
What's surprising is that veryfast performed better than ultrafast for your x264 tests.... which actually begs the question -- what device are you recording to? If you're recording to a harddrive instead of an SSD, then then filesizes for CRF 23 are actually probably going to be a huge bottleneck (with ultrafast performing worse, since it's having to create a larger file). Try changing to CBR 40,000 and see if you have better results.