If you've installed the Visual C++ Components that OBS Studio requires, but still aren't able to install OBS Studio, you may need to update your Windows installation. To do this, follow these steps.
1) Open Windows Update. This can be found by searching for Windows Update in the Start Menu, or in the Control Panel.
2) Install any available updates.
3) Restart your PC to finish installing updates.
4) Repeat steps 1-3 until there are absolutely 0 updates remaining.
Once Windows is fully up to date, try installing OBS again.